High-Entropy Engineering of Cubic SiP with Metallic Conductivity for Fast and Durable Li-Ion Batteries.

A cost-effective, scalable ball milling process is employed to synthesize the InGeSiP3 compound with a cubic ZnS structure, aiming to address the sluggish reaction kinetics of Si-based anodes for Lithium-ion batteries. Experimental measurements and first-principles calculations confirm that the synthesized InGeSiP3 exhibits significantly higher electronic conductivity, larger Li-ion diffusivity, and greater tolerance to volume change than its parent phases InGe (or Si)P2 or In (or Ge, or Si)P. These improvements stem from its elevated configurational entropy. Multiple characterizations validate that InGeSiP3 undergoes a reversible Li-storage mechanism that involves intercalation, followed by conversion and alloy reactions, resulting in a reversible capacity of 1733 mA h g-1 with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 90%. Moreover, the InGeSiP3-based electrodes exhibit exceptional cycling stability, retaining an 1121 mA h g-1 capacity with a retention rate of ≈87% after 1500 cycles at 2000 mA g-1 and remarkable high-rate capability, achieving 882 mA h g-1 at 10 000 mA g-1. Inspired by the distinctive characteristic of high entropy, the synthesis is extended to high entropy GaCu (or Zn)InGeSiP5, CuZnInGeSiP5, GaCuZnInGeSiP6, InGeSiP2S (or Se), and InGeSiPSSe. This endeavor overcomes the immiscibility of different metals and non-metals, paving the way for the electrochemical energy storage application of high-entropy silicon-phosphides.

Can a prolonged healing pressure injury be benefited by using an AI mattress? A case study.

BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries are a common and serious issue for bedridden residents in long-term-care facilities. Areas of bony prominences, such as the scapula, sacrum, and heels, are more likely to develop pressure injuries. The management of pressure injury wounds include dressing changes, repositioning, away from moisture, decreasing the occurrence of friction and shear, and more. Some supportive surfaces are also used for pressure injury cases such as gel pads, alternating pressure air mattresses, and air-fluidized beds. The aim of this case study was to determine whether the use of an artificial intelligent mattress can improve a nursing home resident with prolonged pressure injury. CASE PRESENTATION: A retrospective study design was conducted for this case study. A 79-year-old male developed a pressure injury in the sacrum. His pressure injury was initially at stage 4, with a score of 12 by the Braden scale. The PUSH score was 16. During 5.5 months of routine care plus the use of the traditional alternative air mattress, in the nursing home, the wound stayed in stage 3 but the PUSH score increased up to 11. An artificial intelligence mattress utilizing 3D InterSoft was used to detect the bony prominences and redistribute the external pressure of the skin. It implements a color guided schematic of 26 colors to indicate the amount of pressure of the skin. RESULTS: The wound size was decreased and all eczema on the resident's back diminished. The PUSH score was down to 6, as the artificial intelligent mattress was added into the routine care. The staff also reported that the resident's quality of sleep improved and moaning decreased. The hemiplegic side is at greater risk of developing pressure injury. CONCLUSIONS: This novice device appeared to accelerate wound healing in this case. In the future, more cases should be tested, and different care models or mattress can be explored.

Effect of dietary ß-mannanase supplementation on broiler performance.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of ß-mannanase supplementation in broiler diets on growth performance, energy digestibility, and lesion scores in d-old birds fed mash, corn-soybean meal-based diets and raised to 42 d. Five dietary treatments were investigated: 1) positive control diet (PC) containing standard energy; 2) negative control (NC) with 100 kcal/kg diet reduction in AME compared to PC; 3) NC supplemented with 30 U/g ß-mannanase (NC + 30 U); 4) NC supplemented with 60 U/g ß-mannanase (NC + 60 U); and 5) NC supplemented with 90 U/g ß-mannanase (NC + 90 U). Each treatment had 6 replicate pens with 52 chicks per replicate. Data was analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, and means were separated by LSMEANS. Reduction of 100 kcal/kg feed (NC) resulted in an overall body weight gain reduction of 51 g (P < 0.05) and feed conversion loss of approximately 4 points (P < 0.05) compared to PC at 42 d of age. At the same time, supplementing ß-mannanase at 60 and 90 U/g improved growth performance parameters compared to NC, while 30 U/g did not result in significant improvements beyond NC; body weight gain was improved (P < 0.05) by 87, and 106 g when ß-mannanase was supplemented at 60 and 90 U/g, respectively, compared to NC. This corresponded to an improvement by 6 and 7 points in feed conversion for 60 and 90 U/g supplementation, respectively, compared to NC. Furthermore, AMEn was improved (P < 0.05) by 15, 97, and 116 kcal/kg at 42 d when ß-mannanase was added to NC at 30, 60, and 90 U/g, respectively. Digesta viscosity measured at 42 d was decreased (P < 0.05) by ß-mannanase supplementation of 60 and 90 U/g, compared to NC, while 42 d lesion scores were improved (P < 0.05) by ß-mannanase supplementation compared to NC. Data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of ß-mannanase improved growth performance, energy digestibility, and reduced viscosity and lesion scores when supplemented with diets with a reduced energy content of 100 kcal/kg compared to a standard energy diet.

Decomposition of methanol-d4 on Rh nanoclusters supported by thin-film Al2O3/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions.

The decomposition of methanol-d4 (CD3OD) on Rh nanoclusters grown by the deposition of Rh vapors onto an ordered thin film of Al2O3/NiAl(100) was studied, with various surface-probe techniques and largely under near-ambient-pressure (NAP) conditions. The results showed a superior reactivity of small Rh clusters (diameter < 1.5 nm) exposed to CD3OD at 5 × 10-3-0.1 mbar at 400 K; the gaseous production of CO and D2 from decomposed methanol-d4 per Rh surface site on the small Rh clusters with diameters of ∼1.1 nm was nearly 8 times that on large ones with diameters of ∼3.5 nm. The promotion of reactivity with decreased cluster size under NAP conditions was evidently greater than that under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Moreover, the concentration of atomic carbon (C*; where * denotes adsorbate)-a key catalyst poisoner-yielded from the dissociation of CO* from dehydrogenated methanol-d4 was significantly smaller on small clusters (diameter < 1.5 nm). The NAP size effect on methanol-d4 decomposition involved the surface hydroxyl (OH*) from the little co-adsorbed water (H2O*) that was dissociated at a probability dependent on the cluster size. H2O* was more likely dissociated into OH* on small Rh clusters, by virtue of their more reactive d-band structure, and the OH* then effectively promoted the O-D cleavage of methanol-d4, as the rate-determining step, and thus the reaction probability; on the other hand, the OH* limited CO* dissociation on small Rh clusters via both adsorbate and lateral effects. These results suggest that the superior properties of small Rh clusters in both reactivity and anti-poisoning would persist and be highly applicable under "real-world" catalysis conditions.

Impact of rehabilitation adherence and depressive symptoms on post-stroke self-care ability and quality of life: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Good rehabilitation adherence leads to effective post-stroke recovery. However, some recovering patients experience post-stroke depressive symptoms, which can affect post-stroke health outcomes. Previous studies have not examined the effect of a combination of rehabilitation adherence and depressive symptoms on recovery after a stroke. OBJECTIVES: This study explored the combined predictive influence of rehabilitation adherence and post-stroke depressive symptoms on self-care abilities and quality of life in patients with stroke. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study analyzed data from 75 stroke patients. We examined rehabilitation adherence (self-reported, five-point scale), post-stroke depressive symptoms (Taiwanese Depression Scale), self-care ability (Chinese versions of the Barthel Index and Lawton - Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale), and post-stroke quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF). Patients were followed up for six months after inclusion. The influence of rehabilitation adherence and post-stroke depressive symptoms on post-stroke self-care abilities and quality of life was examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: The sample's mean age was 60.85 (±12.9) years. Patients with perfect rehabilitation adherence had better self-care abilities and quality of life than those with imperfect rehabilitation adherence. Patients without post-stroke depressive symptoms had a better quality of life than their counterparts. Patients with perfect rehabilitation adherence and no post-stroke depressive symptoms had better self-care abilities and quality of life than those with imperfect rehabilitation adherence and post-stroke depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Both depressive symptoms and rehabilitation adherence behavior impacted the rehabilitation effect among patients who are recovering from a stroke.

Decomposition of methanol-d4 on a thin film of Al2O3/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions.

We have studied the decomposition of methanol-d4 on thin film Al2O3/NiAl(100) under near-ambient-pressure conditions, with varied surface-probe techniques and calculations based on density-functional theory. Methanol-d4 neither adsorbed nor reacted on Al2O3/NiAl(100) at 400 K under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, whereas they dehydrogenated, largely to methoxy-d3 (CD3O*, * denoting adsorbates) and formaldehyde-d2 (CD2O*), on the surface when the methanol-d4 partial pressure was increased to 10-3 mbar and above. The dehydrogenation was facilitated by hydroxyl (OH* or OD*) from the dissociation of little co-adsorbed water; a small fraction of CD2O* interacted further with OH* (OD*) to form, via intermediate CD2OOH* (CD2OOD*), formic acid (DCOOH* or DCOOD*). A few surface carbonates were also yielded, likely on the defect sites of Al2O3/NiAl(100). The results suggest that alumina not only supports metal clusters but also participates in reactions under realistic catalytic conditions. One may consider accordingly the multiple functions of alumina while designing ideal catalysts.

Probing the Roles of Indium Oxides on Copper Catalysts for Enhanced Selectivity during CO2-to-CO Electrochemical Reduction.

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides an alternative protocol to producing industrial chemicals with renewable electricity sources, and the highly selective, durable, and economic catalysts should expedite CO2RR applications. Here, we demonstrate a composite Cu-In2O3 catalyst in which a trace amount of In2O3 decorated on Cu surface greatly improves the selectivity and stability for CO2-to-CO reduction as compared to the counterparts (Cu or In2O3), realizing a CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 95% at -0.7 V (vs RHE) and no obvious degradation within 7 h. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that In2O3 undergoes the redox reaction and preserves the metallic state of Cu during the CO2RR process. Strong electronic interaction and coupling occur at the Cu/In2O3 interface which serves as the active site for selective CO2RR. Theoretical calculation confirms the roles of In2O3 in preventing oxidation and altering the electronic structure of Cu to assist COOH* formation and demote CO* adsorption at the Cu/In2O3 interface.

Unique (100) Surface Configuration Enables Promising Oxygen Reduction Performance for Pt3Co Nanodendrite Catalysts.

Selective exposure of active surfaces of Pt-based electrocatalysts has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve Pt utilization and promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in fuel cell application. However, challenges remain in stabilizing those active surface structures, which often suffer undesirable degradation and poor durability along with surface passivation, metal dissolution, and agglomeration of Pt-based electrocatalysts. To overcome the aforementioned obstacles, we here demonstrate the unique (100) surface configuration enabling active and stable ORR performance for bimetallic Pt3Co nanodendrite structures. Using elaborate microscopy and spectroscopy characterization, it is revealed that the Co atoms are preferentially segregated and oxidized at the Pt3Co(100) surface. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) shows that such (100) surface configuration prevents the oxygen chemisorption and oxide formation on active Pt during the ORR process. Thus, the Pt3Co nanodendrite catalyst shows not only a high ORR mass activity of 730 mA/mg at 0.9 V vs RHE, which is 6.6-fold higher than that of the Pt/C, but also impressively high stability with 98% current retention after the acceleration degradation test in acid media for 5000 cycles, far exceeding the Pt or Pt3Co nanoparticles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation also confirms the lateral and structural effects from the segregated Co and oxides on the Pt3Co(100) surface in reducing the catalyst oxophilicity and the free energy for the formation of an OH intermediate in the ORR.

Single-Phase Ternary Compounds with a Disordered Lattice and Liquid Metal Phase for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes.

Si is considered as the promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high capacities of 4200 mAh g-1 and natural abundancy. However, severe electrode pulverization and poor electronic and Li-ionic conductivities hinder their practical applications. To resolve the afore-mentioned problems, we first demonstrate a cation-mixed disordered lattice and unique Li storage mechanism of single-phase ternary GaSiP2 compound, where the liquid metallic Ga and highly reactive P are incorporated into Si through a ball milling method. As confirmed by experimental and theoretical analyses, the introduced Ga and P enables to achieve the stronger resistance against volume variation and metallic conductivity, respectively, while the cation-mixed lattice provides the faster Li-ionic diffusion capability than those of the parent GaP and Si phases. The resulting GaSiP2 electrodes delivered the high specific capacity of 1615 mAh g-1 and high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91%, while the graphite-modified GaSiP2 (GaSiP2@C) achieved 83% of capacity retention after 900 cycles and high-rate capacity of 800 at 10,000 mA g-1. Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//GaSiP2@C full cells achieved the high specific capacity of 1049 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles, paving a way for the rational design of high-performance LIB anode materials.

Can rehabilitation adherence among stroke patients be measured using a single item?

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the concurrent validity between logbooks and a single-item rehabilitation adherence measurement for patients with stroke. Agreement between caregivers and patients and between caregivers and physical therapists regarding a single-item measurement was investigated, and its predictive validity was explored. BACKGROUND: Adherence to therapy is a primary determinant of treatment success. There are no standard instruments for measuring rehabilitation adherence available for stroke patients. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with stroke were recruited, measured four times and followed for 6 months. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used to ensure comprehensive reporting. Adherence was documented in logbooks, and single-item measurements were compared. Predictive validity was explored by assessing associations between adherence levels, self-care ability and health-related quality of life. The Spearman's correlation coefficients, weighted kappa, and generalised estimating equations statistics were used to explore the concurrent validity, measurement agreement, and predictive validity, respectively. RESULTS: Logbook records had a fair correlation (rs  = .23, p = .04) with the single-item rehabilitation adherence measurements. There was moderate agreement (kappa = 0.42, p < .001) between caregiver and patient assessments and fair agreement (kappa = 0.29, p = .017) between caregiver and physical therapist assessments of patients' rehabilitation adherence levels. Perfect rehabilitation adherence, based on the logbook and single-item measurements, predicted better scores for self-care ability and quality of life than imperfect rehabilitation adherence during 6 months after inclusion. CONCLUSIONS: There was fair concurrent validity between logbooks and single-item rehabilitation adherence measurements and moderate and fair adherence measure agreement between caregivers and patients and caregivers and physical therapists, respectively. Logbooks and single-item rehabilitation adherence measurements had adequate predictive validity. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Single-item rehabilitation adherence measurement is a workable and straightforward method to assess stroke patients' rehabilitation adherence in busy clinical care settings. Caregivers can represent stroke patients regarding their reported rehabilitation adherence. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients were diagnosed with stroke in the study hospital. Rehabilitation physicians transferred patients to a research nurse who then screened them for the inclusion criteria and invited them and their family caregivers to participate in this study if they met the requirements. We also recruited seven physical therapists responsible for the physical therapy of the study participants. After participants signed informed consent, the research nurse encouraged participants to respond to research questions face to face, including rehabilitation adherence data, daily physical function, and quality of life. Each participant was measured four times at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after inclusion in this study. Physical therapists had to score their patients' rehabilitation adherence levels before discharge. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS: Not applicable.

Clinical course of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection co-treatment with Jin Si Herbal Tea in Eastern Taiwan: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected more than 608 million people and has killed 6.5 million people in the world. A few studies showed traditional Chinese medicine can be beneficial for COVID-19 treatment. An herbal preparation Jin Si Herbal Tea (JS) was formulated with herbal extracts known for their potential to decrease spike protein and ACE2 interaction, 3CL, and TRPMSS2 protease activity, and thus aimed to evaluate the clinical course of JS co-treatment along with the usual treatment schedule given for severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital between June and July 2021. All the patients were co-treated with JS and the primary outcome was death. The secondary outcomes included laboratory exam, Ct value, clinical course, and hospital stays. There were 10 patients recruited in this study and divided into < 70 years and ≧ 70 years groups (n = 5 in each group). Results: Older patients (≧70 years) had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, VACO index, and lower hemoglobin levels than < 70 years patients. The trend of lymphocyte count, LDH, D-dimer, and Ct value of non-survivors was not consistent with previous studies. The death rate was 20% and the recovery rate to mild illness in 14 days was 40%. Conclusion: In conclusion, this is the first clinical study of JS co-treatment in severe COVID-19 patients. JS co-treatment might reduce death rate and recovery time. Further large-scale clinical trials would be expected.

Unraveling the Nature and Role of Layered Cation Ordering in Cation-Disordered Rock-Salt Cathodes.

Cation-disordered rock salts (DRXs), a new class of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, have attracted a great amount of attention in recent years due to their fascinatingly simple cubic structure, highly diverse composition, and great electrochemical performance. As cations in DRXs are randomly distributed in a long range, how the cations are spatially arranged is an intriguing question for the community of solid-state materials chemistry. In this work, we report the vibrational structure of a series of Mn- and Fe-based DRXs with well-controlled compositions and reveal significant layered-like cation ordering in the DRXs. A scheme is proposed to describe how the layered-like anisotropy could exist in rock salt structures with an overall cubic diffraction pattern. Furthermore, we raise a model of Li-ion transport based on the proposed scheme, which complements the theory of Li percolation in DRXs. The electrochemical behavior of the DRX cathodes used in the study supports the scheme and clearly demonstrates the role of layered anisotropy in the battery performance of DRXs.

A High-Rate, Durable Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Sb-Doped O3-Type Ni/Mn-Based Layered Oxides.

O3-Type layered oxides are widely studied as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, their rate capability and durability are limited by tortuous Na+ diffusion channels and complicated phase evolution during Na+ extraction/insertion. Here we report our findings in unravelling the mechanism for dramatically enhancing the stability and rate capability of O3-NaNi0.5Mn0.5-xSbxO2 (NaNMS) by substitutional Sb doping, which can alter the coordination environment and chemical bonds of the transition metal (TM) ions in the structure, resulting in a more stable structure with wider Na+ transport channels. Furthermore, NaNMS nanoparticles are obtained by surface energy regulation during grain growth. The synergistic effect of Sb doping and nanostructuring greatly reduces the ionic migration energy barrier while increasing the reversibility of the structural evolution during repeated Na+ extraction/insertion. An optimized NaNMS-1 electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 212.3 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C and 74.5 mAh g-1 at 50 C with minimal capacity loss after 100 cycles at a low temperature of -20 °C. Such electrochemical performance is superior to most of the reported layered oxide cathodes used in rechargeable SIBs.

Creating a Healthy Life for the Elderly through Participation in Self-Media: A Study on the Demands of the Elderly in Self-Media.

In recent years, with the trends in digital media and a shift in the sources of information, self-media has gradually become a unique new type of media with considerable potential. Numerous related studies have also indicated that participating in self-media positively impacts the elderly, especially in self-media regarding healthcare and welfare. However, research has seldom explored the demands and services for elderly participation in self-media. In this study, the research targets were 55-75 years of age, in good health, with a monthly disposable income of more than TWD 30,000 (N = 180). The research methods had two aims: (1) to analyze the current well-known self-media and websites related to healthcare; and (2) via the Kano Model questionnaire, to survey and explore the demand for self-media among the elderly. The results summarize and describe the preferred layout, content items, interaction methods, and information display of self-media content for the elderly. We anticipate designing a self-media website platform that meets the demands of the elderly and that continues to develop into social media platforms and audio-visual content in the future.

A Nonstoichiometric Niobium Oxide/Graphite Composite for Fast-Charge Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Electrification of transportation has spurred the development of fast-charge energy storage devices. High-power lithium-ion batteries require electrode materials that can store lithium quickly and reversibly. Herein, the design and construction of a Nb2 O5-δ /graphite composite electrode that demonstrates remarkable rate capability and durability are reported. The presence of graphite enables the formation of a dominant Nb12 O29 phase and a minor T-Nb2 O5 phase. The high rate capability is attributed to the enhanced electronic conductivity and lower energy barriers for fast lithium diffusion in both Nb12 O29 and T-Nb2 O5 , as unraveled by density functional theory calculations. The excellent durability or long cycling life is originated from the coherent redox behavior of Nb ions and high reversibility of lithium intercalation/deintercalation, as revealed by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis. When tested in a half-cell at high cycling rates, the composite electrode delivers a specific capability of 120 mAh g-1 at 80 C and retains over 150 mAh g-1 after 2000 cycles at 30 C, implying that it is a highly promising anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.

Live Performance and Microbial Load Modulation of Broilers Fed a Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) and Xylanase Combination.

The animal industry, which focuses on producing protein for human consumption, is continuously seeking solutions that can enhance both animal performance and health at a low cost. Several feed additives are currently being used to improve the nutritive value of feed as well as replacing the subtherapeutic levels of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of a feed additive that is a blend of multi-strain Bacillus spp. probiotics and a xylanase in a 2 × 2 factorial dietary treatments design, testing two levels of the feed additive blend (0 and 100 g/MT) and two cereal grain types (corn and wheat) on live performance, gut lesions, environmental Clostridium perfringens load, and pathogen load in the digesta of broiler chickens (E. tenella, total aerobic count cells (APC), E. coli, and C. perfringens). Day-old chicks were randomly placed in 10 replicate pens per treatment with 52 birds per replicate and grown to 42 d of age. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. At 42 d, birds fed EnzaPro were heavier (p < 0.0004) than unsupplemented birds. An improvement in FCR (p = 0.03) was observed from 1 to 42 d by approximately two points in both corn- and wheat-based diets supplemented with EnzaPro. In wheat-based diets, supplementing EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.0001) a 21 d lesion score of intestines with a further reduction (p < 0.02) at 42 d. EnzaPro reduced (p < 0.03) litter moisture by approximately 1% compared to non-supplemented EnzaPro in both corn- and wheat-based diets. Pathogen load in digesta (C. perfringens, E. tenella, APC, and E. coli) was reduced (p < 0.0002) when EnzaPro was supplemented in diets. It can be concluded that EnzaPro (a blend of DFM Bacillus spp (1 × 105 CFU/g feed) and xylanase (10 XU/g feed)) may be used in both corn- and wheat-based diets to improve the performance and gut health of broilers.

Enhanced Magnetic Order and Reversed Magnetization Induced by Strong Antiferromagnetic Coupling at Hybrid Ferromagnetic-Organic Heterojunctions.

Organic-molecular magnets based on a metal-organic framework with chemically tuned electronic and magnetic properties have been attracting tremendous attention due to their promising applications in molecular magnetic sensors, magnetic particle medicines, molecular spintronics, etc. Here, we investigated the magnetic behavior of a heterojunction comprising a ferromagnetic nickel (Ni) film and an organic semiconductor (OSC) 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) layer. Through the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), a photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we found that the adsorption of F4-TCNQ on Cu(100)/Ni not only reverses the in-plane magnetization direction originally exhibited by the Ni layer but also results in enhanced magnetic ordering. Furthermore, the cyano group (CN) in adsorbed F4-TCNQ was found spin-polarized along with conspicuous charge transfer with Ni. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the experimentally found spin polarization originates from hybridization between the CN group's π orbitals and Ni's d band. These findings signify that the hybrid states at the organic-ferromagnet interface play a key role in tailoring the magnetic behavior of interfaces. For the case of the F4-TCNQ and Ni heterojunction reported here, interface coupling is an antiferromagnetic one.

Stable Pd-Cu Hydride Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Pd has been regarded as one of the alternatives to Pt as a promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst. Strategies including Pd-metal alloys (Pd-M) and Pd hydrides (PdHx) have been proposed to boost HER performances. However, the stability issues, e.g., the dissolution in Pd-M and the hydrogen releasing in PdHx, restrict the industrial application of Pd-based HER catalysts. We here design and synthesize a stable Pd-Cu hydride (PdCu0.2H0.43) catalyst, combining the advantages of both Pd-M and PdHx structures and improving the HER durability simultaneously. The hydrogen intercalation is realized under atmospheric pressure (1.0 atm) following our synthetic approach that imparts high stability to the Pd-Cu hydride structure. The obtained PdCu0.2H0.43 catalyst exhibits a small overpotential of 28 mV at 10 mA/cm2, a low Tafel slope of 23 mV/dec, and excellent HER durability due to its appropriate hydrogen adsorption free energy and alleviated metal dissolution rate.

Enhanced CO2 Electrochemical Reduction Performance over Cu@AuCu Catalysts at High Noble Metal Utilization Efficiency.

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a viable alternative to help close the anthropogenic carbon cycle and convert intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources to chemical energy in the form of value-added chemicals. The development of economic catalysts possessing high faradaic efficiency (FE) and mass activity (MA) toward CO2RR is critical in accelerating CO2 utilization technology. Herein, an elaborate Au-Cu catalyst where an alloyed AuCu shell caps on a Cu core (Cu@AuCu) is developed and evaluated for CO2-to-CO electrochemical conversion. Specific roles of Cu and Au for CO2RR are revealed in the alloyed core-shell structure, respectively, and a compositional-dependent volcano-plot is disclosed for the Cu@AuCu catalysts toward selective CO production. As a result, the Au2-Cu8 alloyed core-shell catalyst (only 17% Au content) achieves an FECO value as high as 94% and an MACO of 439 mA/mgAu at -0.8 V (vs RHE), superior to the values for pure Au, reflecting its high noble metal utilization efficiency.

A Profile of Novice and Senior Nurses' Communication Patterns during the Transition to Practice Period: An Application of the Roter Interaction Analysis System.

Novice nurses' successful transition to practice is impacted by their interactions with senior nurses. Ensuring that novice nurses are adequately supported during their transition to practice has wide-ranging and significant implications. The aim of this study is to explore the communication patterns between novice and senior nurses by applying an interaction analysis technique. Trimonthly onboarding evaluations between novice and senior nurses were recorded. The Roter Interaction Analysis System was adapted and deployed to identify communication patterns. In total, twenty-two interactions were analyzed. Senior nurses spoke more (64.5%). Task-focused exchange was predominant amongst senior (79.7%) and novice (59.5%) nurses. Senior nurses' talk was concentrated in clusters of information-giving (45%) and advice or instructions (17.2%), while emotional expression (1.4%) and social talk (0.4%) were rare. Novice nurses' talk was concentrated in clusters-information giving (57%) and positive talk (39.5%). The communication patterns between senior and novice nurses during the onboarding period indicate aspects of novice nurse transition that could be addressed, such as encouraging novice nurses to use these interactions to communicate more, or emphasizing the importance of social talk. These insights can be used to inform mentorship and preceptorship training to ensure that senior nurses are able to adequately support novice nurses through all parts of the transition to practice period.